InsightNodes

Semiconductors

NVIDIA

Critical203/210 relationships sourcedProfile verified Sep 28, 2026
OverviewIndicatorsMore SignalsSourcesM&A fitRelationship mapStoryMilestonesHistory

At a glance

NVIDIA is one of the most strategically important companies in the AI infrastructure ecosystem because its computing platforms, software ecosystem and supply-chain relationships influence the development and deployment of advanced artificial intelligence.

  • 182 sourced links show other companies and organisations relying on NVIDIA.
  • 203 of 210 recorded relationships carry a cited source (97%).
  • 15 documented changes to its relationships in the last 90 days, against 1 in the 90 days before.
  • Invests in 48 other companies on record.
  • 16 named competitors on record.
Importance (our rating)
Critical
Relationships sourced
97%
Evidence strength
70/100

The share of relationships with a source, adjusted for how recent and how primary those sources are — so it sits below the plain sourced share.

Activity (90 days)
Accelerating

Opportunities (our analysis)

Continued demand for AI infrastructureExpansion of accelerated computing workloadsGrowing importance of networking and software ecosystems

Risks (our analysis)

Semiconductor manufacturing concentrationAdvanced packaging capacity constraintsHigh-bandwidth memory supply constraints

Most important dependencies

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Depends on)High Bandwidth Memory (Depends on)SK hynix (Depends on)
Continue to the relationship map ↓

Figures researched 2026-10-26 · market data Oct 28, 2026 (delayed). Not investment advice.

  • Customer concentration: NVIDIA Q2 FY2027 Form 10-Q: three direct customers were 16%, 15% and 13% of first-half fiscal 2027 revenue
  • Guidance track record: beat its own guidance midpoint in 4 of 4 scored periods (average +5.2%).
  • Capital ↔ revenue loop: 15 of the 48 companies NVIDIA invests in are also its customers or rely on it (≈$85B stated across 12).
  • Taiwan exposure: Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company — rated Critical or Very High for NVIDIA — is headquartered in Taiwan, along with 7 other known suppliers (ASE Technology, Wistron, ChipMOS Technologies). 110 other companies and organisations rely on the same Taiwan-based suppliers, so a disruption there would hit NVIDIA's peers and customers at the same time — substitution would be competed for, not simply available.
  • Next catalysts: Nov 17, 2026 — Next earnings; 2027 — Rubin Ultra / Kyber rack (576 GPUs) and 800 VDC data centers; FY2028 (ends Jan 2028) — Target window to execute $235B buyback; supply expected to stay a bottleneck until then

Financial Snapshot

Reported figures from NVIDIA's cited filings, plus live valuation (Yahoo Finance, delayed). Not investment advice.

Revenue (FY2026)

$215.9B

+65% YoY

Data Center revenue (FY2026)

$193.7B

+68% YoY

GAAP gross margin (FY2026)

71%

Operating income (GAAP) (FY2026)

$130.4B

Net income (GAAP) (FY2026)

$120.1B

Free cash flow (FY2026)

$96.6B

Net cash

$23.6B

cash $62.5B · debt $38.9B

P/E

27.6×

forward 13.7×

4-year trend · as reported

Fiscal year endedJan 2023Jan 2024Jan 2025Jan 2026
Revenue$27.0B$60.9B$130.5B$215.9B
Revenue growth—+126%+114%+65%
Operating margin21%54%62%60%
Diluted EPS$0.17$1.19$2.94$4.90
Free cash flow$3.8B$27.0B$60.9B$96.7B

Source: company filings via Yahoo Finance. Full history in the Analyst Report.

Guidance (Q3 FY2027): Revenue expected to be $108.0 billion, plus or minus 2%; GAAP and non-GAAP gross margins expected to be 74.0%, plus or minus 50 basis points; GAAP and non-GAAP operating expenses approximately $9.2 billion and $9.0 billion; NVIDIA is not assuming any Data Center compute revenue from China in its outlook. [NVIDIA (Form 8-K earnings release)]

Consensus: Analysts' average revenue estimate for this quarter is $109.0B (45 analysts), 0.9% above the midpoint of company guidance ($108.0B) — inside the guided range. This fiscal year's EPS estimate is $9.31 (+95%), up 4.0% over 90 days. Reported EPS beat the consensus in 4 of the last 4 quarters (average +5.1%). Provider compilation of analyst estimates (Yahoo Finance) — market context, not an InsightNodes forecast.

Credit: Rated Aa1 (positive) by Moody's, AA (stable) by S&P Global Ratings; net cash of $51.5B (fiscal year ended Jan 2026).

Bull · Base · Bear

InsightNodes editorial analysis of NVIDIA, built only on the cited sources — what each case would require, not a forecast, probability or recommendation.

Bull case

Base case

Bear case

Full cases in the Full Analyst Report.

NVIDIA designs GPUs, networking and software for accelerated computing and AI, reporting Data Center and Edge Computing market platforms. FY2026 (ended January 25, 2026) revenue was $215.9 billion, including $193.7 billion from Data Center. Q2 FY2027 revenue rose 106% to $96.2 billion, with Data Center revenue of $89.0 billion. NVIDIA guided Q3 FY2027 revenue of $108.0 billion plus or minus 2%, assuming no Data Center compute revenue from China; Vera Rubin NVL72 production shipments began in August 2026, and NVIDIA has reserved the majority of TSMC's CoWoS advanced packaging capacity through 2027.

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Leading Indicators

Hiring and patent filing trends — the underlying numbers Momentum is computed from. Insider filing activity is tracked separately under Sources below.

Limited datadriven mostly by insider filing activity: 24 → 15 insider filings (-37%) vs the previous period, down 9. Partial read: based on 1 of 3 signals (insider filing activity).
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Additional Intelligence Signals

Patent citation lineage, earnings-call mentions, and federal contract disclosures — automatically collected, not yet visible anywhere else on the site.

Earnings-call mentions

Mentioned by Penguin Solutions

“Won a neocloud customer backed by a leading South Korean technology company that selected Penguin to design, build, deploy, and manage an NVIDIA GB300 NVL72-based platform.”

SEC 8-K exhibit (0001616533-26-000046) · Oct 6, 2026

Mentioned by Micron Technology

“We have secured design wins with every Tier 1 OEM customer for AI workstation product.”

SEC 8-K exhibit (0000723125-26-000018) · Sep 30, 2026

Mentioned by Lumentum

“As AI compute workloads increase in both speed and bandwidth, data center architects are turning to optical links as a primary means of connectivity.”

SEC 8-K exhibit (0001628280-26-055726) · Aug 11, 2026

Mentioned by Box

“Joined the Open Secure AI Alliance alongside NVIDIA and a broad coalition of industry leaders, as part of an initiative built on the Linux Foundation and OpenSSF community”

SEC 8-K exhibit (0001193125-26-365121) · Aug 25, 2026

Mentioned by Netskope

“Netskope joined NVIDIA's Open Secure AI Alliance, a coalition of industry leaders committed to building open, frontier AI tools that defenders can inspect, adapt, and trust.”

SEC 8-K exhibit (0001193125-26-380188) · Sep 2, 2026

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Sources

Every claim traced to a primary source — evidence, recent activity, and insider filing behavior, all in one place.

Evidence

219 sources · 7 government/SEC filings

Latest Activity

Insider Filing Activity

15Form 4 filings, trailing 90 days-9 since last week's snapshot

Counts filing frequency only — transaction direction/size wasn't parseable from the sampled filings · sourced from SEC EDGAR · as of Oct 5, 2026

Insider Timing

An insider disposed of 500,000 shares on Aug 5, 2026 — 4 days after its Hugging Face relationship changed: “NVIDIA was reportedly in advanced talks to acquire Hugging Face outright for roughly $12.9 billion, though no signed agreement had been announced.”

Timing correlation only — not evidence of a causal link

An insider disposed of 500,000 shares on Jul 1, 2026 — the same day a recorded milestone: “Rubin pulled forward; H20 China licenses resume”

Timing correlation only — not evidence of a causal link

An insider acquired 1,211 shares on Jun 25, 2026 — 6 days before a recorded milestone: “Rubin pulled forward; H20 China licenses resume”

Timing correlation only — not evidence of a causal link

Correlated Activity

Both NVIDIA and Mistral AI — which it depends on — are showing accelerating Activity at the same time (3 recorded changes for Mistral AI in the last 90 days).

Timing correlation only — not evidence of a causal link

Both NVIDIA and Hugging Face — which it depends on — are showing accelerating Activity at the same time (3 recorded changes for Hugging Face in the last 90 days).

Timing correlation only — not evidence of a causal link

Both NVIDIA and Tesla — which it depends on — are showing accelerating Activity at the same time (3 recorded changes for Tesla in the last 90 days).

Timing correlation only — not evidence of a causal link

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Acquisition & Investment Fit

AI-reasoned, generated only from entities already in InsightNodes's own graph — a hypothetical strategic-fit exercise, not real M&A intelligence or a signal that any deal is planned or in progress.

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Relationship Map

Who NVIDIA relies on, who relies on it, where its capital goes, and who it competes with — the most important connections first. Search for any company to see how it links to NVIDIA, or open the full list.

IT RELIES ON · 85RELIES ON IT · 203CAPITAL · 68COMPETITORS & REGULATORS · 41PRODUCTS & PARTNERS · 128NVIDIANVIDIA relies on Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company — CriticalTaiwan Semiconductor Manufact…Critical · Semiconductor Manufactu…SK hynix supplies NVIDIA — CriticalSK hynixCritical · SemiconductorsSynopsys supplies NVIDIA — CriticalSynopsysCritical · Design SoftwareNVIDIA relies on Cadence Design Systems — CriticalCadence Design SystemsCritical · Design SoftwareNVIDIA relies on Micron Technology — CriticalMicron TechnologyCritical · SemiconductorsSB Energy supplies NVIDIA — Very HighSB EnergyVery high · Energy & UtilitiesNscale supplies NVIDIA — Very HighNscaleVery high · Cloud InfrastructureNVIDIA supplies Microsoft Azure — CriticalMicrosoft AzureCritical · Cloud InfrastructureOpenAI relies on NVIDIA — CriticalOpenAICritical · AI LabsNVIDIA supplies Foxconn — CriticalFoxconnCritical · Data Center Infrastruct…Oracle relies on NVIDIA — CriticalOracleCritical · Cloud InfrastructureNVIDIA supplies CoreWeave — CriticalCoreWeaveCritical · Cloud InfrastructurexAI relies on NVIDIA — CriticalxAICritical · AI LabsMeta relies on NVIDIA — CriticalMetaCritical · AI LabsNVIDIA invests in OpenAI — CriticalOpenAICritical · investmentNVIDIA invests in Anthropic — CriticalAnthropicCritical · investmentNVIDIA invests in Aligned Data Centers — Very HighAligned Data Cen…Very high · investmentNVIDIA invests in Intel — HighIntelHigh · investmentNVIDIA invests in Nebius — HighNebiusHigh · investmentU.S. Bureau of Industry and Security constrains NVIDIA — CriticalU.S. Bureau of I…Critical · regulator / ruleAlphabet (Google) competes with NVIDIA — CriticalAlphabet (Google)Critical · competitorAdvanced Micro Devices competes with NVIDIA — Very HighAdvanced Micro D…Very high · competitorNVIDIA supports Hitachi Energy — CriticalHitachi EnergyCriticalNVIDIA supports Mitsubishi Heavy Industries — CriticalMitsubishi Heavy…Critical

Showing the most important 24 of 473 connections, ranked by importance and sourcing. Hover to isolate one, click for its sources. Thicker line = more important; dashed = no source linked yet.

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The Story So Far (last 6 months)

Sep 2026: SB Energy registration statement (Form S-1/A)→Sep 2026: Trump-Xi summit ends without chip export breakthrough→Sep 2026: China's MIIT reportedly signals approval for ByteDance and Alibaba to buy new RTX Pro 5500 AI chip→Sep 2026: Boosts share buyback authorization by $150B to $235B, the largest single increase in company history→Sep 2026: Launches Open Agent Safety Platform with 100+ industry partners→Sep 2026: Microsoft's Fairwater and Azure NVIDIA capacity figures measure different things

Auto-generated from this entity's dated milestones, relationship updates, and sourced evidence — not AI-written, just sorted.

Emerging Signals

AI Infrastructure Demand

Critical

Continued investment in artificial intelligence infrastructure supports demand for advanced accelerated computing platforms.

BlackwellHigh Bandwidth MemoryTaiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing CompanyAI Data Centers

Custom AI Accelerators Threaten Inference Dominance

High

Custom ASIC accelerators from hyperscalers (AWS Trainium, Google TPU, Microsoft Maia) are projected to grow at roughly 44.6% CAGR, with some analysts projecting NVIDIA's share of the AI inference market could fall from around 90% today to as low as 20-30% by 2028 as hyperscalers increasingly deploy in-house silicon for inference workloads specifically.

AWS TrainiumGoogle TPUMicrosoft Maia
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NVIDIA's Timeline

A sourced, dated history of NVIDIA's key moments — founding to present.

  1. Sep 2026 · Boosts share buyback authorization by $150B to $235B, the largest single increase in company history

    NVIDIA's board increased its share repurchase authorization by $150 billion, bringing total buyback capacity to $235 billion -- described as the largest single buyback authorization increase in corporate history -- underscoring confidence in sustained AI-driven cash generation; the company intends to execute the program with no fixed expiration.

  2. Sep 2026 · Launches Open Agent Safety Platform with 100+ industry partners

    NVIDIA launched the Open Agent Safety Platform, an open framework (including OpenShell access-control software and the Sentry hardware-separated monitoring watchdog) to secure autonomous AI agents from testing through deployment, backed by more than 100 partners spanning application developers, model providers, infrastructure vendors, chip companies and energy providers.

  3. Oct 2026 · Committed $250M of compute access to UK agentic-AI safety and security research

    A five-year compute donation valued at $250 million ($50 million in compute access a year), delivered through UK-based NVIDIA Cloud Partners, for research including the British Open-Ended Learning and Discovery Lab (BOLD), the Science of Fundamental AI Research Lab (SOFAIR) and Imperial College London. Compute access, not cash; provider selection, technical architecture and commercial terms were still to be agreed.

    Source
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How These Connections Evolved

How a relationship changed over time, not just its current state — sourced, dated, and traceable.

NVIDIA ↔ Hugging Face

  1. Aug 2026 · Pre-definitive-agreement reported-talks phase

    NVIDIA was reportedly in advanced talks to acquire Hugging Face outright for roughly $12.9 billion, though no signed agreement had been announced.

  2. Now

    NVIDIA agreed to acquire Hugging Face for approximately $12.93 billion (announced September 3, 2026), building on prior integration between Hugging Face and NVIDIA's DGX Cloud Lepton and NIM microservices; the deal is expected to close in H1 2027, so it is treated as a pending acquisition, not yet a subsidiary.

NVIDIA ↔ Micron Technology

  1. Jun 2024 · HBM3E qualification

    Micron's HBM3E memory was qualified for NVIDIA's Blackwell platform, narrowing the gap with SK hynix as NVIDIA diversified its HBM supplier base to reduce single-supplier risk.

  2. Jan 2026 · HBM4 certification, full contract

    Micron was certified as an HBM4 supplier for NVIDIA's Vera Rubin platform alongside SK hynix and Samsung, with its entire 2026 HBM supply fully contracted — reflecting a shift from a secondary to a core, capacity-constrained supplier relationship.

  3. Now

    Micron has been certified as an HBM4 memory supplier for NVIDIA's next-generation Vera Rubin AI platform, alongside SK hynix and Samsung, with its entire 2026 HBM supply fully contracted.

NVIDIA ↔ Alphabet (Google)

  1. Apr 2025 · Ironwood (TPU v7) launches, explicitly targeting inference

    Google announced Ironwood (TPU v7), its first TPU explicitly designed for large-scale AI inference, delivering roughly 10x the performance of its predecessor — positioning Google's own silicon as a genuine alternative to NVIDIA GPUs for inference workloads specifically, while NVIDIA GPUs remained dominant for training.

  2. Nov 2025 · Anthropic's record TPU deal signals real diversification away from NVIDIA

    Anthropic closed the largest TPU deal in Google's history, committing to hundreds of thousands of Trillium TPUs in 2026 scaling toward one million by 2027 — a concrete sign that at least one major AI lab is shifting meaningful compute away from NVIDIA GPUs toward Google's own silicon, even as NVIDIA continues supplying Google Cloud's external GPU-instance business.

  3. Now

    NVIDIA supplies GPUs to Google Cloud, including Blackwell-powered G4 instances, with Google planning to offer NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72 systems in H2 2026.

NVIDIA ↔ CUDA

  1. Jan 2025

    NVIDIA deepened CUDA's software moat through agentic-AI partnerships with Synopsys ($2B investment, AgentEngineer) and Cadence targeting chip-design and physical-AI workflows, reinforcing CUDA's ecosystem lock-in even as rivals pushed custom silicon.

  2. Now

    NVIDIA develops CUDA, the software platform that strengthens the ecosystem surrounding its accelerated computing products.

NVIDIA ↔ Blackwell

  1. Dec 2024

    Reports emerged that Blackwell's initial GB200/B200 server ramp faced overheating, power-consumption, and interconnect issues, pushing TrendForce to project mass production and peak shipments slipping to Q2-Q3 2025 rather than earlier plans.

  2. Apr 2025

    Despite the earlier delay reports, GB200 NVL72 systems began reaching customers — WhiteFiber received its first shipment of Quanta-built GB200 Grace Blackwell Superchip systems, signaling volume production had started.

  3. Now

    NVIDIA develops the Blackwell GPU architecture for advanced artificial intelligence and accelerated computing workloads.

NVIDIA ↔ Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company

  1. Jun 2025 · Multi-year capacity lock-in

    NVIDIA reserved the majority of TSMC's advanced CoWoS packaging capacity through 2027 to support Blackwell and next-generation Rubin GPUs, reflecting the relationship's shift from opportunistic ordering to long-horizon capacity planning.

  2. Sep 2026 · Rubin CoWoS-L packaging spec / Rubin Ultra warpage issue (REPORTED)

    NVIDIA's Rubin GPU (full production per CES 2026) uses two compute dies plus two I/O dies on a 4x-reticle-size TSMC CoWoS-L interposer alongside eight HBM4 stacks, delivering 22 TB/s of HBM4 bandwidth. The larger Rubin Ultra 2+2 die configuration is reportedly encountering CoWoS-L substrate warpage at TSMC severe enough that trade press describes NVIDIA's packaging ambitions as outrunning current CoWoS-L capability; TSMC is reportedly exploring a next-generation CoPoS (Chip-on-Panel-on-Substrate) approach to address it. Single/dual-sourced trade-press reporting, not an official disclosure.

  3. Now

    NVIDIA relies heavily on TSMC to manufacture many of its most advanced chips. NVIDIA's Rubin GPU uses TSMC's CoWoS-L packaging with eight HBM4 memory stacks, giving 22 TB/s of bandwidth. According to a small number of trade-press reports, the larger Rubin Ultra design is running into substrate warpage problems with CoWoS-L packaging at TSMC.

NVIDIA ↔ High Bandwidth Memory

  1. Oct 2025

    HBM3E 12-Hi memory began shipping into NVIDIA's B300 systems, with SK hynix holding roughly 62% HBM revenue share, Micron around 21%, and Samsung around 17% as the three qualified suppliers.

  2. Mar 2026

    SK hynix shipped the first HBM4 12-Hi samples to NVIDIA for the upcoming Rubin platform, reported as a 6-9 month lead over Samsung and Micron; NVIDIA separately requested next-generation 16-Hi HBM4 samples from all three suppliers by Q4 2026.

  3. Now

    Advanced NVIDIA AI accelerators depend on high-bandwidth memory to support data-intensive artificial intelligence workloads. Blackwell B200 uses 8x HBM3E stacks (192GB total); Blackwell Ultra uses 12-Hi HBM3E (288GB). HBM3E-generation supplier share across SK hynix/Samsung/Micron is disputed across analyst sources (reported, not reconciled). HBM capacity is gated more by cumulative TSV/die-stacking/test yield losses across the stacking process than by raw wafer supply alone (reported, industry analysis).

NVIDIA ↔ Advanced Semiconductor Packaging

  1. Jan 2024

    NVIDIA moved to secure a larger, multi-year share of TSMC's expanding CoWoS advanced packaging capacity for Blackwell, aiming to avoid the industry-wide packaging bottlenecks that constrained the prior Hopper generation's ramp.

  2. Jan 2025

    NVIDIA reserved the majority of TSMC's advanced CoWoS packaging capacity through 2027 to cover both Blackwell and next-generation Rubin GPU production, underscoring packaging (not wafer fabrication alone) as a primary supply constraint.

  3. Now

    NVIDIA's advanced AI processors depend on sophisticated packaging technologies that integrate compute and memory components. TSMC CoWoS packaging capacity is characterized as the leading near-term constraint on NVIDIA AI accelerator output, with memory-maker HBM stacking/packaging capacity (MR-MUF/TCB bonding) as a secondary constraint (reported, industry analysis, both expected to ease through 2027).

NVIDIA ↔ Advanced Micro Devices

  1. Oct 2025 · OpenAI-AMD 6GW deal signals a marquee customer win

    AMD's competitive position strengthened materially when it signed a 6-gigawatt, multi-generation GPU supply deal with OpenAI — including a warrant for up to 10% of AMD's shares — its most significant customer win yet against NVIDIA for a frontier AI lab's compute.

  2. Jan 2026 · NVIDIA share projected to ease toward 75%

    Industry estimates projected NVIDIA's AI accelerator revenue share easing from its 2024 peak toward roughly 75% by 2026, as AMD's MI350 series (shipped to hyperscalers in Q3 2025) and hyperscalers' own custom ASICs (targeting 10-15% share) both gained ground.

  3. Now

    AMD competes with NVIDIA in accelerated computing and artificial intelligence processors.

NVIDIA ↔ AI Accelerators

  1. Jan 2024

    NVIDIA's Blackwell (GB200/GB300) architecture began shipping to hyperscalers, though production faced widely reported delays tied to packaging and memory supply constraints.

  2. 2025–2026

    NVIDIA advanced its next-generation Vera Rubin platform, certifying Micron, SK hynix, and Samsung as HBM4 suppliers with 2026 HBM supply fully contracted ahead of launch.

  3. Now

    NVIDIA develops AI accelerators used to train and operate advanced artificial intelligence systems.

NVIDIA ↔ AI Data Centers

  1. Jan 2025

    Combined hyperscaler capex nearly doubled to roughly $410 billion as the AI infrastructure buildout accelerated further.

  2. Jan 2026

    Combined hyperscaler capex guidance reached roughly $725 billion — Amazon at $200B, Google at $175-185B, Meta at $115-135B, and Microsoft at $110-120B — a roughly 62% increase over 2025, with analysts projecting the big four could exceed $1 trillion combined by 2027.

  3. Now

    Demand for NVIDIA computing platforms contributes to investment in AI-focused data-center infrastructure.

NVIDIA ↔ CoreWeave

  1. Apr 2023 · Early strategic customer and investor

    NVIDIA became an early strategic investor and priority GPU supplier to CoreWeave, then a smaller cloud infrastructure provider, helping it scale into one of the largest NVIDIA-GPU-focused "neocloud" providers ahead of the broader 2024-2025 AI infrastructure boom.

  2. Jan 2026 · $2B additional investment, Rubin/Vera integration

    NVIDIA invested a further $2 billion in CoreWeave at $87.20 per share to help it add more than 5 gigawatts of AI compute capacity by 2030, expanding their collaboration to include NVIDIA's upcoming Rubin GPU architecture, Bluefield storage, and Vera CPU line — on top of NVIDIA's prior commitment to buy more than $6 billion in services from CoreWeave through 2032.

    Source

  3. Now

    NVIDIA supplies GPUs to CoreWeave and has invested directly in the company to accelerate its AI infrastructure buildout.

NVIDIA ↔ Microsoft Azure

  1. Jan 2024

    Microsoft launched its first in-house AI chip, Maia 100, and announced three successors (codenamed Braga, Braga-R, and Clea) planned for 2025-2027, an explicit hedge against depending on NVIDIA for 94%+ of the GPU market.

  2. Oct 2025

    Reports indicated Microsoft's follow-on Maia chip (Braga/Maia 200) mass production slipped into 2026 due to design changes and staff turnover, even as Microsoft's CTO publicly pushed to reduce reliance on NVIDIA and AMD GPUs.

  3. Now

    NVIDIA supplies large volumes of GPUs to Microsoft Azure for hyperscale AI computing. Azure customers can rent NVIDIA Blackwell systems through ND GB200 v6 and ND GB300 v6 virtual machines, built on 72-GPU racks. Azure was the first hyperscaler to power on a Vera Rubin system for testing (March 2026) and received its first production Rubin systems in August 2026. Microsoft also announced early-stage Rubin support for Azure Local in March 2026.

NVIDIA ↔ Amazon Web Services

  1. Jan 2024 · Trainium2 deployed at scale for Anthropic's Project Rainier

    AWS deployed Trainium2 at scale — including a 400,000-chip cluster ("Project Rainier") for Anthropic — while continuing to run large amounts of NVIDIA GPU capacity for other customers, showing Trainium supplementing rather than replacing NVIDIA within AWS's infrastructure.

  2. Dec 2025 · Trainium3 launches, but roadmap stays NVIDIA-interoperable

    AWS launched Trainium3, its first 3nm AI chip, while teasing an NVIDIA-friendly roadmap: the next-generation Trainium4 is planned to support NVIDIA's NVLink Fusion interconnect, allowing Trainium and NVIDIA GPUs to interoperate in the same clusters rather than AWS pursuing full silicon independence from NVIDIA.

    Source

  3. Now

    NVIDIA supplies GPUs to AWS to meet hyperscale AI compute demand, alongside AWS's own custom silicon efforts.

NVIDIA ↔ NVLink

  1. Jan 2024

    Fifth-generation NVLink shipped with the Blackwell platform, enabling up to 72 GPUs to operate as a single coherent fabric within the GB200 NVL72 rack-scale system, a major scale-up from prior generations' smaller GPU pod sizes.

  2. Jan 2026

    NVIDIA outlined a roadmap extending NVLink-based rack-scale coherence toward NVL1152 configurations, alongside co-packaged optics, to further scale the number of GPUs operating as a single fabric within future AI factory designs.

  3. Now

    NVIDIA develops NVLink, its GPU-to-GPU interconnect and switch fabric used in Vera Rubin NVL72; through NVLink Fusion it is also being extended to third-party silicon such as AWS Trainium.

NVIDIA ↔ InfiniBand (NVIDIA Quantum)

  1. Mar 2024

    NVIDIA announced the X800 series — Quantum-X800 InfiniBand and Spectrum-X800 Ethernet — the first networking platforms capable of end-to-end 800Gb/s throughput, adopting a two-pronged strategy of InfiniBand for the highest-performance dedicated AI infrastructure and Ethernet for broader AI-optimized data centers.

  2. Jan 2025

    InfiniBand switch sales surged as NVIDIA's Blackwell Ultra platform drove 800Gbps networking demand, with InfiniBand retaining the top-performance tier even as Ethernet (Spectrum-X) held overall market leadership for AI back-end networks.

  3. Now

    NVIDIA develops its Quantum InfiniBand networking platform following its acquisition of Mellanox.

NVIDIA ↔ Synopsys

  1. Dec 2025

    NVIDIA and Synopsys announced an expanded strategic partnership integrating Synopsys' AgentEngineer technology with NVIDIA's agentic AI stack (NIM microservices, NeMo Agent Toolkit, Nemotron models) for autonomous EDA and simulation workflows, alongside a $2 billion NVIDIA investment in Synopsys common stock.

  2. Now

    NVIDIA depends on Synopsys electronic design automation software to design its advanced chips.

NVIDIA ↔ Cadence Design Systems

  1. Jan 2026

    Cadence expanded its partnership with NVIDIA to combine Cadence's agentic AI-driven EDA and system design tools with NVIDIA's CUDA-X, AI physics, and Omniverse libraries, extending the relationship into physical AI systems and hyperscale AI factory design.

  2. Now

    NVIDIA depends on Cadence electronic design automation software to design its advanced chips.

NVIDIA ↔ Co-Packaged Optics

  1. Jan 2025

    NVIDIA announced Spectrum-X Photonics and Quantum-X Photonics co-packaged optics switches, designed to connect millions of GPUs across AI factories while cutting laser count 4x and improving power efficiency roughly 3.5x versus traditional optical networking.

  2. Jan 2026

    Quantum-X Photonics switches (144 ports at 800Gbps, liquid-cooled) began reaching customers in early 2026, with Spectrum-X Photonics Ethernet variants following from infrastructure partners the same year — positioning co-packaged optics as an increasingly standard requirement for next-generation AI data centers.

  3. Now

    NVIDIA develops co-packaged optics switches, including Quantum-X Photonics and Spectrum-X Photonics, for next-generation AI cluster networking.

NVIDIA ↔ OpenAI

  1. Dec 2025

    Reports indicated the deal had been quietly scaled back to roughly $30 billion, amid Wall Street scrutiny of "circular" arrangements where NVIDIA invests in a customer that uses the funds to buy NVIDIA's own chips.

  2. Feb 2026

    Roughly $30 billion in NVIDIA investment was finalized as part of OpenAI's ~$110 billion funding round, though reporting noted that five months after the original announcement, no binding contract had been signed and no funds had changed hands on the broader $100 billion framework.

  3. Now

    NVIDIA invested $30B in OpenAI's funding round finalized in February 2026 (alongside SoftBank); the September 2025 letter of intent for up to $100B tied to 10 GW of NVIDIA systems was not finalized as such.

NVIDIA ↔ Anthropic

  1. Nov 2025 · Up to $10B investment + Microsoft strategic partnership

    NVIDIA and Microsoft jointly announced strategic partnerships with Anthropic, with NVIDIA committing up to $10 billion and Microsoft up to $5 billion — a notable shift for NVIDIA, which had no direct equity relationship with Anthropic before this point despite Anthropic's Claude models running heavily on NVIDIA hardware via its cloud partners.

    Source

  2. Mar 2026 · Investment finalized in the same week as the $30B OpenAI deal

    NVIDIA finalized its roughly $10 billion stake in Anthropic in the same week it finalized its $30 billion investment in OpenAI, with CEO Jensen Huang saying shortly after that both were likely to be NVIDIA's last major equity checks into either lab, as both were expected to go public later in 2026.

    Source

  3. Now

    NVIDIA committed up to $10 billion to invest in Anthropic alongside a strategic partnership with Microsoft, and will help optimize Claude models for performance, efficiency and total cost of ownership.

NVIDIA ↔ Meta

  1. Jan 2024 · Meta becomes NVIDIA's largest single H100 buyer

    Meta became the largest individual buyer of NVIDIA's H100 GPUs, even as it rolled out an improved MTIA v2 ("MTIA 300") with roughly 3x the performance-per-watt of v1 for its ranking and recommendation workloads.

  2. Feb 2026 · Meta buys "millions more" NVIDIA chips despite custom silicon push

    Meta agreed to buy millions more AI chips from NVIDIA (spanning Blackwell and the newly announced Vera Rubin platform) even while announcing four new generations of custom MTIA silicon (300/400/450/500) weeks later — underscoring that custom chips are supplementing, not replacing, NVIDIA as Meta's primary AI compute supplier.

    Source

  3. Now

    NVIDIA supplies millions of AI chips for Meta's data center build-out under an expanded 2026 partnership, a deal analysts describe as certainly in the tens of billions of dollars.

NVIDIA ↔ US AI Chip Export Controls

  1. Jul 2025

    Licensed H20 sales to China were approved again after the earlier freeze, following a policy reversal easing the country-tiered restriction approach.

  2. Dec 2025

    The US administration announced a one-year waiver of export restrictions on NVIDIA's H200 chips, giving Chinese firms legal access to NVIDIA's Hopper chip line.

  3. Now

    NVIDIA's chip sales to China are regulated by US export controls, which determine which chip generations can be sold and under what licensing conditions. The constraint has two independent sides: BIS's January 2026 shift to case-by-case license review (permitting limited H200 sales under tariff/cap/KYC conditions) on the US side, and China's own September/November 2025 directives discouraging or barring domestic purchase of NVIDIA chips (including licensed units) on the China side -- both must be understood together to explain why licensed shipments remain minimal.

NVIDIA ↔ Jensen Huang

  1. Jan 1993

    Jensen Huang co-founded NVIDIA and has served as CEO continuously since, guiding the company from a graphics-chip startup to the central supplier of AI accelerated-computing infrastructure.

  2. Now

    NVIDIA was co-founded by Jensen Huang, who has served as its CEO throughout the company's history.

NVIDIA ↔ xAI

  1. Jan 2024

    xAI's Colossus in Memphis scaled from roughly 100,000 to 200,000 NVIDIA H100-class GPUs, one of the fastest large-scale GPU cluster buildouts to date.

  2. 2025–2026

    xAI acquired land for a Colossus 2 expansion and is targeting roughly 555,000 NVIDIA GPUs and about 2GW of power capacity as it scales toward frontier-model training.

  3. Now

    NVIDIA supplies the GPUs powering xAI's Colossus supercomputer clusters, among the largest known concentrations of NVIDIA hardware built for frontier AI training.

NVIDIA ↔ G42 (UAE)

  1. Jan 2026

    The UAE received its first shipment of advanced NVIDIA chips for the Stargate UAE campus developed with G42, following a U.S. government export-license framework enabling the deal.

  2. Now

    NVIDIA supplies chips for the UAE's Stargate campus, developed by G42, with the UAE receiving its first NVIDIA chip shipment in 2026.

NVIDIA ↔ HUMAIN

  1. 2025–2026

    NVIDIA agreed to supply GB300 Blackwell Ultra chips to HUMAIN, Saudi Arabia's PIF-backed AI company, as part of the kingdom's push to build sovereign national AI compute capacity.

  2. Now

    NVIDIA supplies GB300 chips to Saudi Arabia's HUMAIN, backed by the Public Investment Fund, to build out national AI compute capacity.

NVIDIA ↔ SK hynix

  1. Jan 2026 · HBM4 volume/pricing contracts finalized alongside Micron and Samsung

    SK hynix, alongside Micron and (with more limited volume) Samsung after its delayed HBM3E qualification finally passed in September 2025, moved into finalized HBM4 volume and pricing contracts with NVIDIA for the Vera Rubin platform — SK hynix retaining the largest share of the three qualified suppliers.

  2. Jul 2026 · SK Group and NVIDIA sign $500B+ letters of intent spanning AI factories and HBM4

    SK Group and NVIDIA signed letters of intent for a partnership valued at more than $500 billion, under which SK Telecom will build a 2-gigawatt Korean AI data center on NVIDIA's Vera Rubin platform (first phase targeted for 2027) while SK hynix deepens co-development of HBM4 memory with NVIDIA, aimed at easing the memory supply constraints that have become a binding bottleneck on global AI system scaling.

  3. Now

    SK hynix supplies advanced memory products used in NVIDIA artificial intelligence computing platforms.

NVIDIA ↔ AI Data Centers

  1. 2024–2026

    NVIDIA GPUs remained the dominant compute platform behind hyperscaler AI data-center buildouts as combined big-four capex rose from roughly $226B (2024) to $410B (2025) to a projected $725B (2026).

  2. Now

    Many AI data-center deployments depend on NVIDIA accelerated computing platforms.

NVIDIA ↔ OpenAI

  1. Sep 2025

    NVIDIA and OpenAI announced a $100 billion strategic partnership tied to 10 gigawatts of NVIDIA systems deployment, positioning NVIDIA as both OpenAI's primary compute supplier and a lead investor in the same buildout.

  2. Feb 2026

    The investment side of the arrangement was finalized at roughly $30 billion within OpenAI's ~$110 billion funding round, while the GPU-supply relationship continued independent of the broader $100 billion framework still being finalized.

  3. Now

    OpenAI depends on massive NVIDIA GPU purchases for model training and inference, with NVIDIA committing $30 billion as a lead investor in OpenAI's 2026 funding round.

NVIDIA ↔ Oracle

  1. 2024–2026

    Oracle Cloud Infrastructure scaled large NVIDIA GPU clusters (including Blackwell-based systems) to support major AI training workloads, including its role in the Stargate data-center initiative.

  2. Now

    Oracle depends on NVIDIA GPU supply for its AI training infrastructure, including data centers built around large NVIDIA GPU clusters.

NVIDIA ↔ Microsoft

  1. Jan 2024 · Three successor chips planned (Braga, Braga-R, Clea)

    Microsoft began developing three successor generations to Maia 100 (codenamed Braga, Braga-R, and Clea, planned for 2025-2027) even as it remained NVIDIA's largest customer by revenue, spending billions annually on NVIDIA chips for Azure.

  2. Jan 2026 · Maia 200 ships, explicitly targeting reduced NVIDIA reliance

    Microsoft shipped its second-generation Maia 200 chip (delayed from an original 2025 target) to its Iowa data center, explicitly framed as reducing reliance on NVIDIA chips for inference workloads — while continuing to depend on NVIDIA GPUs as its primary AI training infrastructure.

    Source

  3. Now

    NVIDIA is a major GPU supplier to Microsoft for Azure's AI infrastructure. Its Fairwater AI data center in Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin went live ahead of schedule in April 2026 with more than 4,600 Blackwell Ultra GPUs. NVIDIA says Microsoft is deploying over 100,000 Blackwell Ultra GPUs globally, though not all are live yet. Microsoft received its first production Vera Rubin systems on August 21, 2026; live workloads have not yet been confirmed.

NVIDIA ↔ Amazon

  1. Jan 2024 · Dual-track spending: NVIDIA GPUs and Trainium2 scale together

    Amazon deployed large volumes of NVIDIA Hopper GPUs while simultaneously investing billions in Trainium2 clusters, as combined hyperscaler AI capex roughly tripled industry-wide from about $226 billion in 2024 toward $410 billion in 2025 — Amazon's NVIDIA and custom-silicon spending both grew rather than one displacing the other.

  2. Oct 2025 · Trainium sales commitments reach $225B; ASIC share still growing fast

    Amazon's Trainium sales commitments reached roughly $225 billion (including from OpenAI and Anthropic), with AWS's ASIC shipments expected to more than double in 2025 — the fastest growth among major cloud providers — while Amazon continued deploying NVIDIA Blackwell GPUs at scale for the training workloads Trainium doesn't yet fully cover.

  3. Now

    Amazon purchases NVIDIA GPUs at scale for AWS AI infrastructure alongside its own custom silicon.

NVIDIA ↔ Foxconn

  1. 2024–2025

    Foxconn served as the sole system assembler for NVIDIA's Blackwell GB200 AI servers, making its Mexico and Taiwan assembly capacity a critical bottleneck during the widely reported Blackwell production ramp delays.

  2. Now

    NVIDIA supplies GPUs, Grace CPUs and NVLink systems that Foxconn (Hon Hai) assembles into GB200/GB300 and Vera Rubin rack-scale servers; Foxconn is one of several top system builders, not the sole assembler.