Mining & Materials
Critical Minerals & Rare Earths
Critical minerals and rare earths -- the mining and refining supply chains underpinning both the AI/electronics hardware boom and the broader clean energy transition -- moved from a specialist mining topic to the center of global industrial and geopolitical strategy in 2026. China dominates the supply chain, controlling roughly 69% of global rare earth mine production and even greater refining capacity, alongside the Democratic Republic of Congo's 74% share of cobalt and Indonesia's 67% share of nickel mine production; China escalated export controls throughout 2025-2026, adding US rare earth producers MP Materials and USA Rare Earth to its export control list in June 2026 in retaliation for US actions against Chinese military-linked firms. Base metal prices for copper, aluminum and tin rose roughly a third between January 2025 and April 2026 on tight supply, while lithium prices more than doubled amid strong energy-storage demand, with Latin America's Lithium Triangle (Chile, Argentina, Bolivia) holding the world's largest lithium reserves and expected to grow output nearly 50% by decade's end.
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Sources
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Evidence
1 source · 48% avg. source confidence
- IEA / UNCTAD — Critical minerals market becomes central to global industrial strategy in 202648% source confidence
Dependency Map
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The Story So Far (last 6 months)
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Critical Minerals & Rare Earths's Timeline
A sourced, dated history of Critical Minerals & Rare Earths's key moments — founding to present.
Jan 2026 · Base metal and lithium prices surge on tight supply
Copper, aluminum and tin prices rose roughly a third between January 2025 and April 2026 on tight supply conditions, with copper reaching record highs, while lithium prices more than doubled amid strong demand from energy storage applications, reflecting the critical minerals market's rapid financialization as a strategic industrial input.
Jun 2026 · China adds US rare earth producers to export control list
China added MP Materials and USA Rare Earth, among 10 total US entities, to its export control list effective June 22, 2026, retaliating for US actions against Chinese military-linked companies and continuing a pattern of extraterritorial rare earth and magnet export controls that began in 2025.